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	<title>FractalizeR's WebSite &#187; Linux administration</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.fractalizer.ru/category/articles/linux-administration-articles/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru</link>
	<description>My site, devoted primarily to programming with my portfolio, articles, feelings etc.</description>
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			<item>
		<title>[Linux] &#8220;network unreachable resolving XXXX&#8221; messages in system log</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_412/linux-network-unreachable-resolving-xxxx-messages-in-system-log/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_412/linux-network-unreachable-resolving-xxxx-messages-in-system-log/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Jan 2010 11:10:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ipv6]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[named]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=412</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some time ago I noticed many messages in log file about named attempt to resolve strange addresses.

--------------------- Named Begin ------------------------
**Unmatched Entries**
network unreachable resolving 'dns-b.iij.ad.jp/A/IN': 2001:240:bb41:8002::1:16#53: 1 Time(s)
network unreachable resolving 'dns-b.iij.ad.jp/A/IN': 2001:240:bb4c:8000::1:5#53: 1 Time(s)
network unreachable resolving 'nn.uninett.no/A/IN': 2001:500:1::803f:235#53: 1 Time(s)
network unreachable resolving 'nn.uninett.no/AAAA/IN': 2001:500:1::803f:235#53: 1 Time(s)
The reason is than since some version named puts IPv6 before [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_412/linux-network-unreachable-resolving-xxxx-messages-in-system-log/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux, PHP] PHP script to backup all databases</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_356/php-script-to-backup-all-databases/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_356/php-script-to-backup-all-databases/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 21:20:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PHP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[backup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysqldump]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=356</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hello.
I&#8217;d like to share my script, which I use on some production servers for quick database backup using mysql tools. People say, that I should use bash for that, but I prefer PHP  
Script uses mysqldump for dumping databases and gzip for compressing backups. rm is run to ensure backups are not stored for [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_356/php-script-to-backup-all-databases/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>WARNING: mismatch_cnt is not 0 on /dev/md0</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_350/warning-mismatch_cnt-is-not-0-on-devmd0/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_350/warning-mismatch_cnt-is-not-0-on-devmd0/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2009 08:37:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mdstat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mismatch_cnt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[raid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sync_action]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=350</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve gotten cron log from one of my servers today which says:
/etc/cron.weekly/99-raid-check:
 WARNING: mismatch_cnt is not 0 on /dev/md0
That worried me a little and I decided to investigate.

Quick look at
showed, that array is allright. This mismatch_cnt value is the value of the blocks, that are not synchronized between RAID-1 (mirrored) drives. On my server the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_350/warning-mismatch_cnt-is-not-0-on-devmd0/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Script for securing server with IPTables</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_338/script-for-securing-server-with-iptables/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_338/script-for-securing-server-with-iptables/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2009 15:31:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[firewall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[secure]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=338</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hello.
Here is a script, which I use on my production servers to secure them a bit. I hope it will be useful to you. Script logs all dropped packets so that you can easily find out tye clutch should there be any. Additional FTP server setup will be necessary. For ProFTPD add the following line [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_338/script-for-securing-server-with-iptables/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux, FreeBSD] Small Anti-DDOS Shell Script for FreeBSD</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_264/linux-freebsd-small-anti-ddos-shell-script-for-freebsd/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_264/linux-freebsd-small-anti-ddos-shell-script-for-freebsd/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 11:21:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DDOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=264</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Struggling with DDoS on my friend&#8217;s site, I wrote small Anti-DDoS script, that in original just lists all IPs, that have more than X active connections open to your server. It was originally written for FreeBSD.
I think this will work on general Linux also. You just need to change &#8220;cut -d.&#8221; to &#8220;cut -d:&#8221; in [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_264/linux-freebsd-small-anti-ddos-shell-script-for-freebsd/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux, FreeBSD] Using netstat and ipfw to manually detect and blacklist DOSers on FreeBSD</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_256/linux-freebsd-linux-using-netstat-and-ipfw-to-manually-detect-and-blacklist-dosers-on-freebsd/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_256/linux-freebsd-linux-using-netstat-and-ipfw-to-manually-detect-and-blacklist-dosers-on-freebsd/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Jul 2009 09:22:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[freebsd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ipfw]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[netstat]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=256</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is just an addition to my this article with some corrections needed if you use FreeBSD.
netstat command should look like

And firewall IP blocking command should be

]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_256/linux-freebsd-linux-using-netstat-and-ipfw-to-manually-detect-and-blacklist-dosers-on-freebsd/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Automated RPMForge Repository Installation</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_249/linux_automated_rpmforge_repository_installation/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_249/linux_automated_rpmforge_repository_installation/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 08:28:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[install]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[installation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[repo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[repository]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rpmforge]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=249</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Actually, I am using CentOS on production servers. CentOS native repository is very small and contains very necessary packages. If you need something more, you should consider using RPMForge repository as I do   But to add this repository to CentOS you need to do several annoying actions. And this is annoyng when you [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_249/linux_automated_rpmforge_repository_installation/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Solution] Apache: No space left on device: Couldn’t create accept lock</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_246/solution-apache-no-space-left-on-device-couldn%e2%80%99t-create-accept-lock/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_246/solution-apache-no-space-left-on-device-couldn%e2%80%99t-create-accept-lock/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2009 11:31:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apache]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=246</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My friend asked me to check the server with this problem. I did and of course first I checked free space on disk using &#8216;df -h&#8217;, but free space was ok. Googling around I found the reason. Unclean shutdown of Apache left many semaphores opened. So, I cleaned them with
for i in `ipcs -s &#124; [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_246/solution-apache-no-space-left-on-device-couldn%e2%80%99t-create-accept-lock/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Installing latest Apache, PHP and MySQL from sources</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_135/linux-installing-latest-apache-php-and-mysql-from-sources/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_135/linux-installing-latest-apache-php-and-mysql-from-sources/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 23 Aug 2008 20:48:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apache]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CentOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[httpd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mysql]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=135</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As you probably know, latest software versions are rarely available to be installed as rpms. So, you need to compile them yourself. In this article I will briefly describe a process of installing, configuring and  upgrading latest Apache and PHP.
Please remember, that installing from sources can sometimes break working system. So, please use this guide [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_135/linux-installing-latest-apache-php-and-mysql-from-sources/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Installing YUM (Yellow dog Updater, Modified)</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_137/linux-installing-yum-yellow-dog-updater-modified/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_137/linux-installing-yum-yellow-dog-updater-modified/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Aug 2008 12:46:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[install yum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[yum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=137</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[YUM is an rpm package manager with very easy syntax. It is preferred especially for beginners to install packages using yum as this is very easy. Your Linux distro should already have yum by default, but if this is not so, let&#8217;s install it. BTW, you can find yum manual here.
You can check if your [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_137/linux-installing-yum-yellow-dog-updater-modified/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Limiting download speed and number of connections per IP with mod_choke (Apache 1.x)</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_93/linux-limiting-download-speed-and-number-of-connections-per-ip-with-mod_choke-apache-1x/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_93/linux-limiting-download-speed-and-number-of-connections-per-ip-with-mod_choke-apache-1x/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Aug 2008 21:47:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=93</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you have many greedy users downloading files from your server using many streams per user, you can fight them easily with mod_choke Apache 1.x module. It is very easy. The article assumes your server is running under CPanel/WHM

Just solved this task and want to share with you 
Requirements:
- Apache 1.3.x.
- apxs utility installed (usually [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_93/linux-limiting-download-speed-and-number-of-connections-per-ip-with-mod_choke-apache-1x/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Decreasing server CPU load with PHP APC cache extension</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_91/linux-decreasing-server-cpu-load-with-php-apc-cache-extension/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_91/linux-decreasing-server-cpu-load-with-php-apc-cache-extension/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Aug 2008 21:44:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[php optimization]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=91</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As you know, each time php script is executed, PHP interpreter need to compile it first to bytecode and only after that &#8211; execute. That compilation takes much time.
APC PHP extension (which will be included and enabled in PHP6 by default. It becomes a standard) can speedup php script execution process by caching once compiled [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_91/linux-decreasing-server-cpu-load-with-php-apc-cache-extension/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Installing ClamAV antivirus and integrating with Exim and pure-ftpd</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_89/linux-installing-clamav-antivirus-and-integrating-with-exim-and-pure-ftpd/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_89/linux-installing-clamav-antivirus-and-integrating-with-exim-and-pure-ftpd/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Aug 2008 21:41:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clamav]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=89</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Every good server must have a good antivirus installed. Let&#8217;s install ClamAV to our machine. Paths to distributions are provided to the latest versions at the time of writting. If new version releases all you need to do is to change numbers in shell command.

SSH to your server.
Step 1. Installing prerequisites.
Clam uses several system libraries [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_89/linux-installing-clamav-antivirus-and-integrating-with-exim-and-pure-ftpd/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Installing automatic protection from DoS and DDoS attacks to your server</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_25/linux-installing-automatic-protection-from-dos-and-ddos-attacks-to-your-server/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_25/linux-installing-automatic-protection-from-dos-and-ddos-attacks-to-your-server/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jul 2008 11:11:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[apf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DDOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inetbase]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[netstat]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=25</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[During several months server I was responsible for was under DDoS attack, that almost flooded it. Due to lacking Linux skills, I almost lost my hope in protecting it by myself and started to think about paying some specialist to protect my server.
But suddenly, I found a miraculos and VERY easy to install and use [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_25/linux-installing-automatic-protection-from-dos-and-ddos-attacks-to-your-server/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>[Linux] Using netstat and iptables to manually detect and blacklist DOSers</title>
		<link>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_20/linux-using-iptables-to-detect-and-blacklist-dosers/</link>
		<comments>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_20/linux-using-iptables-to-detect-and-blacklist-dosers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2008 16:35:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>FractalizeR</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DDOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[DOS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iptables]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[netstat]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.fractalizer.ru/?p=20</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you suspect, that your server is flooded, the first thing you need to do is to issue the following command:
netstat -ntu &#124; awk &#8216;{print $5}&#8217; &#124; cut -d: -f1 &#124; sort &#124; uniq -c &#124; sort -nr
This will show you IP addresses  (second column) and the total number of connections from each (first one). [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.fractalizer.ru/frpost_20/linux-using-iptables-to-detect-and-blacklist-dosers/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
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